INTRACRYSTALLINE PORE FORMATION IN NANOCRYSTAL METAL THIN FILMS

Creation of novel materials used in metallurgy and alternative industries is to a great extent related to porosity that considerably affects physico-mechanical, physico-chemical, ferromagnetic, and alternative features and working characteristics of materials. Diversified crystal and amorphous condensed systems such as films and coatings are being extensively used in modern science and engineering as the structures that typically comprise pores of differing dispersion, shape, and volume localization nature. The results of previous studies demonstrate that pore formation in such systems results from the regularities and peculiarities accompanying the formation of amorphous and crystal structures during matter condensation. The basic factors determining the nature of condensation pore formation are competition between diffusion and sorption, gas discharge and gas absorption that orient the molecular flux effect, interrelations between overcooling extent, evaporation and condensation rates, structural condition, substrate chemical composition, and surface topology, and the difference between its thermal dilatation and that of the condensate.