Effect of Physical Activity in Older Adults: Preventing Cognitive Decline

Background: In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated worldwide dementia incidence to be 35.6 million cases. To date, no conclusive treatment or prevention interventions are available for those with the dementia or at increased risk for it (Wortmann, 2012). Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for dementia (Bares, Whitmer & Yaffe, 2007). Physical activity appears to have a positive effect on cognitive performance amongst older adults (Etnier & Chang, 2009; Kramer, 2006), but the dose-response relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between physical activity participation and cognitive performance, and to determine a dose-response relationship between physical activity and cognitive gains.

Method: Using a cross-sectional design, 35 older adults (M_age = 70.6 years) were tested. Participants wore physical activity monitors and performed a series of cognitive tasks (Stroop Task, Trail Making Test) to measure interaction.

Results: Correlational analysis indicated a significant relationship between physical activity participation and cognitive performance scores. Independent t-tests revealed that older adults participating in 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each week earned higher scores on cognitive tasks compared to less active peers (p .05).

Discussion and Conclusions: Regular moderate to vigorous physical activity participation may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Strategies to promote desirable doses of physical activity for preventing cognitive decline in older adults will be discussed. Recommendations for future research will be advanced.