US Adults with Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes or Diabetes: The Role of Muscle Strengthening Activity, Moderate Intensity Activity and Depression

In US adults (1338 women, 1518 men) with prediabetes fasting glucose=100 mg/dL, moderate intensity activity was inversely associated with the severity of depression. Moderate intensity activity caused light sweating or a slight to moderate increase in breathing or heart rate for at least ten minutes continuously within a typical month.

For 1338 women with prediabetes fasting glucose=100 mg/dL, the odds ratio of `moderate intensity activity` in women with mild depression, dysthymia, moderate and major depression were 0.74, 0.63, 0.54, 0.27, respectively. For 1518 men with prediabetes fasting glucose=100 mg/dL, the odds ratio of `moderate intensity activity` in men with mild depression, dysthymia, moderate, and major depression were 0.67, 0.45, 0.42, 0.33, respectively. Among the 407 women with diabetes fasting glucose=125 mg/dL, the odds ratio of `moderate intensity activity` in women with mild depression, dysthymia, moderate, and major depression were 0.74, 0.66, 0.52, 0.26, respectively. Among the 458 men with diabetes fasting glucose=125 mg/dL, the odds ratio of `moderate intensity activity` in men with mild depression, dysthymia, moderate, and major depression were 0.65, 0.43, 0.47, 0.29, respectively.

In another separate sample of 430 women and 649 men with prediabetes fasting glucose=100 mg/dL, `muscle strengthening activity` was inversely associated (OR=0.76 in women and OR=0.54 in men) with depression. All multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI, and presence or absence of medical conditions (cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases).