`Cutting Weight` in Competitive Taekwondo and Judo: The Coach Perspective

Background and Aims: Fasting, skipping meals and dehydration are common methods of rapid weight loss (RWL) used prior to competition in weight category sports. This study examines coaches` attitudes, perceptions and practices concerning RWL among Israeli judo and taekwondo athletes.

Methods: A convenience sample of coaches and instructors (n=68) completed structured questionnaires.

Results: Participants were on average ~34 years old, 85% male, 59% authorized coaches with 71% reporting 20+ years in the field and 68% having 10+ years of teaching experience. The majority (90%) reported that they usually guided their athletes through the weight loss process. Interventions for weight loss began at 12.7±1.9 years of age, with a recommended pre-competition weight loss duration of 16.2±8.2 days and average reduction of 1.5±0.7 kg. The majority of the participants recommended that their athletes use gradual weight loss methods (92%), using a combination of dehydration and/or increased physical activity (80.3%), sweat suits (50.8%), restricted fluid intake (39.3%), training in heated rooms (27%) and sauna (26.2%). The coaches (28%) indicated recommending (at least once) weight loss by spitting (27.8%) or using laxatives, diuretics, diet pills or vomiting (21.3%).

Conclusion: Coaches and instructors often encourage athletes to cut weight before competition. The methods recommended are potentially harmful, with significant health risks including compromised nutritional status, diminished physical performance and impaired growth and development. This is of particular concern in young athletes. Enhancing knowledge and awareness among coaches, athletes and parents regarding potential dangers is critical for reducing the magnitude and misuse of RWL methods.