Jewish Sciences of the Solkhat-Crimea on the basis of the Archaeological Materials of the Thirteenth to Fourteenth Centuries

From the analysis of the first tool plan of the ancient settlement of medieval Solkhat of 1783 follows that Rabbanites and Karaimes lived in the XIII-XIV th. The neighbour`s associations surrounded with building of an Islamic community of the city. There is basis to believe that the center of an Judaism community developed in presettlement period (i.e. some decades prior to the 1260th). From the point of view of city structure, the population of the Jewish quarters constitute a single community. Language of ritual and the inscription on a stone of epitaphs for all members of a community remained Hebrew; Turkich dialects became the language of the household communication. In inscriptions on the applied seals Hebrew was used; on one of finds the Jewish-Arab bilingual is met. The Sinagogue of Solkhat on materials of monetary finds can be dated previously the 1260-1280th years. Its area approx. 214 sq.m. Walls of object are laid out in equipment by an armor-clad laying on limy solution; a floor – from a flat stone. The sacral (southern) wall kept traces of an altar niche (gekhal). Perhaps, the altar niche was decorated with a marble mosaic. The plan of a synagogue is, allegedly, close to basilica to a stone arcade. Small number of the Jewish community of the city didn`t appear an obstacle for its rather high level of self-organization and, judging by names of outstanding representatives, intellectual level.