STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL INSIGHTS INTO HANTAVIRUS ENTRY

Hantaviruses are important emerging human pathogens and are the causative agents of serious diseases in humans with high mortality rates. Like other members in the Bunyaviridae family their M segment encodes two glycoproteins, G_N and G_C, which are responsible for the early events of infection. Hantaviruses deliver their tripartite genome into the cytoplasm by fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes in response to the reduced pH of the endosome. Unlike phleboviruses (e.g. Rift valley fever virus), that have an icosahedral glycoprotein envelope, hantaviruses display a pleomorphic virion morphology as G_N and G_C assemble into spikes with apparent four-fold symmetry organized in a grid-like pattern on the viral membrane. Here we present the fisrt crystal structure of a fusogen from the Hantavirus genus. We determined the crystal structure of glycoprotein C (G_C) from Puumala virus (PUUV), a representative member of the Hantavirus genus. The crystal structure reveal novel structural and functional features that are unique to Hantavirus` G_C and essenssial for its membrane fusion activity.Furthermore, the PUUV G_C structure together with our functional data provides intriguing evolutionary and mechanistic insights into class II membrane fusion proteins and reveals new targets for membrane fusion inhibitors against these important pathogens.