Dental Health in Children with Diabetes Mellitus

There are 225,735 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Kazakhstan, children under 18 years of age with type 1 diabetes - 1,801 of them. Often oral diseases are noted in children with type 1 diabetes, which according to the literature are observed in 87.9% of patients.

Objective: to study the prevalence and intensity of caries and periodontal diseases in children with type 1 diabetes

Materials and Methods: 60 children with type 1 diabetes undergoing in-patient treatment at the Regional Children`s Clinical Hospital in Karaganda were examined. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the level of glucose: in children of group 1 the blood glucose level was less than 10 mmol / L, in group 2 - from 10 mmol / L to 20 mmol / L, in 3 Group - more than 20 mmol / L. Indices of hygiene of the oral cavity, intensity and prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases were defined.

Results: In 15 children with DM 1, a compensated form of caries was observed, subcompensated in 36 children decompensated in 9 children.

Pathological changes in periodontal tissue are noted in all cases. It was revealed: 100% bleeding gums, 100% presence of supra- and subgingival tartar, 87.5% of cases of inflammation of the gingival papilla, 80% of the marginal and 55% of the alveolar gum.

Conclusions:

1. The prevalence of caries in children with type 1 diabetes was 70% and was characterized as an average. The intensity of caries in children with type 1 diabetes by the DMF index was M = 8.7 SD = 2.2.
2. The prevalence of periodontal diseases in children with diabetes is characterized as high and is 100%. The intensity of periodontal disease is estimated as an average and is M = 2.28, SD = 0.47.