Novel Mesoporous ZnO Nanocapsules for the Improvement of Immune Response

Currently, nanoparticles have attracted attention to the researcher for vaccine delivery field. Nanocarriers are extensively used as drug delivery vehicle as they can encapsulate various drugs, biomolecules and can deliver those in targeted sites for an extended period of time in controlled manner, which is more efficient and effective than bare drug molecules or biomaterials. Focusing on the advantages of nano drug carriers, we have synthesized a ZnO nanocapsule with mesoporous morphology and avg. size of 12 nm and avg. pore diameter of 2.5 nm by sonochemical method without using any surfactant. Loading efficiency of mZnO nanocapsules have found as 73.5% which is very high by encapsulating Ova protein. To investigate the immunological response, Ova loaded mZnO nanocapsules with alum as an adjuvant in mice model. These metal nanocarrier have proved their uniqueness and effectiveness by showing a great improvement in CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cell effector responses. Antigen specific IgG levels and IgG2a or IgG2b levels in serum has also increased when lymph node and serum of Ova loaded mZnO immunized mice have studied. The role of mesoporous ZnO nanocapsules in enriching the immune response, makes it as a good promoter to design nanovaccines in the field of medicine to prohibit various ailments.