Role of Intercultural Contacts and Resources in Acculturation: A Study of International Students in Australia

The acculturation phenomenon has received ample attention in the field of cross-cultural studies with extant works acknowledging that it involves both internal and external factors for individuals to adjust to a new environment. In the present study we use a mixed methods approach in two studies to investigate the factors that are associated with acculturation in higher degree International Students and test how these factors facilitate acculturation outcomes. In Study 1 we use ethnographic semi-structured interviews to compare the experiences International Students who had on average positive experiences versus those who had negative experiences. Findings showed that positive quality contact experiences can lead to better adjustment including positive perceptions of fit. It also revealed having a support network made up of mixed-nationals, and especially members of host nation is crucial to facilitating positive acculturation. Our findings suggest these host local networks buffer the acculturation process even when International Students encounter negative experiences. Study 2 quantitatively tested the impact of factors found in Study 1 (stereotypes, prejudice, intercultural and ethnic network/resources) on acculturation outcomes such as acculturation orientation, adaptation and well-being. Our analyses revealed that stereotypes and prejudices hinders acculturation since it loosens ties with the dominant cultures and reinforces ties with the ethnic culture. Finally, resourcefulness associated to any culture within an acculturation phenomenon is relevant for facilitating well-being. Findings are discussed in relation to a broader view of acculturation to a host society as opposed to university life and achievements.