The Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function and Attention of Adults

Background: The effects of chronic physical activity (PA) on cognition in adults have been extensively investigated. Evidence from recent studies showed that acute PA such as aerobic or resistance exercise results in improvements in different cognitive functions, however it is not clear which intervention has the highest effect.

Aim: To assess the influence of acute bouts of resistance versus aerobic exercise on executive function and attention of adults.

Methods: Thirty-nine physically active adults (age = 52±8 yr) served as participants. Each participant visited the laboratory four times: on the first visit participants performed a computerized cognitive test (NeuroTrax) followed by an aerobic fitness assessment, as well as maximal strength test composed of six exercises. During visits 2-4, participants completed the cognitive test before and after the experimental condition, which consisted of either 25 min of aerobic exercise or resistance exercise, or watching a recorded interview show in a seated position (control condition).

Results: Findings indicated significantly higher changes in scores of attention after acute aerobic exercise (mean change 3.46, 95% CI -0.32, 7.27) than following the control condition (mean change -0.64, 95% CI -2.23, 0.96). The changes following resistance exercise (mean change -0.67, 95% CI -4.47, 3.13) were not significantly different from the changes following the control condition. Executive function scores showed a marginally significant improvement following acute aerobic (mean change 4.06, 95% CI 1.68, 6.44) and resistance exercise (mean change 3.69, 95% CI 0.78, 6.60), but not after control (mean change 0.91, 95% CI -1.21, 3.02).

Discussion: The present study extends the knowledge on the improvement in executive functions and attention following a moderate intensity aerobic exercise session. In addition, it points to the effect of resistance exercise on executive functions. More studies are needed to explore the mechanisms mediating between aerobic and resistance exercise and cognition.

Conclusion: We suggest that adults should consider augmenting both modalities into their training routines, which may improve their cognition in addition to providing other physical benefits.