Urinary Fluoride Excretion after a Single Application of Fluoride Varnish in Preschool Children

Background: Topical application with fluoride varnish is a commonly recommended procedure for caries prevention and managemenet and it is important to verify that the treatments are safe. The aim was to assess urinary fluoride excretion after topical application of a commercial fluoride varnish in preschool children

Method: Twelve healthy children, 2.5-6.0 years of age, were enrolled in a placebo-controlled cross-over trial. After a 5-day run-in period, the morning urine was collected as baseline. One hour after breakfast, 0.1 mL of the active (Fluor Protector S; 7,700 ppm F) or the placebo varnish was applied with a micro-brush on the buccal surfaces of the primary teeth. Thereafter, a 6-hour urine sample was collected and the fluoride content was determined with an ion-sensitive electrode. The parents supervised tooth brushing with a small fingernail amount of fluoride toothpaste (1,000 ppm) twice daily during the entire experiment.

Results: One boy failed to comply with the urinary samplings and was excluded. The mean fluoride concentration in the 6-hour urine samples was slightly higher after the active varnish compared with the placebo varnish but the difference was not statistically significant. Likewise, no significant differences were obtained when the post-treatment concentrations were compared with baseline for the two varnishes. No side-effects or adverse events were reported.

Conclusion: A single topical treatment with the investigated varnish did not significantly increase the urinary fluoride excretion compared with placebo in preschool children with parallel use of fluoride toothpaste.