State of the Art of Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Transients in Hydroelectric Plants

The work presents a survey of the various methodologies used in addressing the problem of water hammer. Numerical methods have been proven of great importance for the solution of the equations that define the phenomenon. The main objective of this article is to review the methodologies used in recent years, thus providing an overview of its applications reported in the literature. In addition to classical techniques of classical numerical methods, the use of physical models, comparisons with data from prototypes, a range of computational intelligence techniques such as genetic algorithms, are reviewed. Conclusions and suggestive remarks based on this work are outlined, which could be useful for future work.