Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of Water Supply in China

There is obvious mismatching between the distribution of water resources in China and the layout and demand of social and economic development. Based on water resources endowment, water supply and demand of economic development, this paper analyzes the distribution and evolution trend of water resources in China, establishes a spatial equilibrium research and judgment method for water resources and social and economic indicators, assesses the spatial matching status of water resources and social and economic indicators and analyzes the problems caused by matching imbalance. Adopting water resource- Gini coefficient of economic factor and water supply- Gini coefficient of economic factor, it quantifies the degree of matching China’s land area, irrigation area, population, GDP, other economic development factors, water resources and water supply and analyzes the spatial equilibrium of water resources and water supply. The analysis result shows that water resources and national territory area are “rather mismatched” with population. Water resources and irrigation area are “mismatched” with GDP. After water resources allocation, water supply is “rather mismatched” with population and GDP. Water supply is “mismatched” with the national territory area, and water supply and irrigation area are “comparatively matched”. It can be seen from the analysis that the background value of water resources affects and supports the upper limit of economic development indicators. The lower limit of economic development indicators can be optimized, improved and supported by allocating the secondary adjustment of water supply. A reference for water resources allocation planning can be provided by quantitative calculation of spatial equilibrium.