Analysis of Oceanic-atmospheric Parameters and Identification of Occurrences of El Niño Global and El Niño Coastal between 1950 and 2018

This work shows a new and more specific characterization of the occurrence of the active phases of ENSO, as well as the local events Coastal El Niño, focused mainly on evidence in the Piura region, on the Peruvian coast between 1950 and 2018. It considers the climatic variability observed in the region and is framed within the complexity given by climate change.

The study focuses on identifying the oceanic-atmospheric parameters that influence observed precipitation and river flows during the austral summer months, which are the most critical for the South American coast. Likewise, the atmospheric pressure and the sea surface temperature (SST) are evaluated to define the presence of these climatic phenomena. The sea surface temperature anomaly (ATSM) is evaluated through Coastal El Niño Index (ICEN) and the Oceanic El Niño Index (ONI) at the Niño1+2 and Niño 3.4 monitoring regions, respectively, and through the Peruvian Coastal Thermal Index (ITCP) and the IMARPE Coastal Laboratories Thermal Index (LABCOS), for the Peruvian coastal zone.

In this work we have identified the occurrence and magnitudes of coastal / global El Niño / La Niña events, studying the short term climate behavior and conclude that the best correlations have been ONI - ICEN and ONI - ICEN - ITCP.