Environmental Impact of Egyptian Anthropogenic Coastal Mega Structures in Eastern Nile Delta, Case Study: El-Mansoura New City

Nile Delta is located on the Egyptian Mediterranean coast which covers about 240 km from Abu Qir at Alexandria at the west to Port Said at the east. Al-Mansoura palm is locating about 40km western of Damietta promontory on Nile Delta coast. This coastal area is stable under wave and current attack till the manmade structures are constructed. Numerical simulation using finite difference technique will be the main investigation tool. Calibration and validation processes have been done on Kitchener coast 25km western to the study area. Numerical simulations studied Al-Mansoura palm coastal zone wave, current, water quality and bed change hydrodynamic behavior. Primary layout of the project is well wave resisted. Western submerged breakwater is found to be good alternative to protect the western groins. According to water quality investigation, the resident time for most inner crystal lagoon region is huge due to lack of any regenerating and interaction with the sea, especially after western opening sedimentation which is clear from the low current velocity speeds. New eastern opening is proposed instead of western opening to be connected with the inner lagoon will efficiently reduce the resident time with no opening clogging. Sediment bypassing is found as the most reliable scenario by transporting 150,000 cubic meters from the accretion happened in the west to be nourished into the eastern side.