Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

Nanostructures of transition metals dichalcogenides (TMDC) have been raising scientific interest in the last few decades. Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) nanotubes and nanoparticles are among the most studied members in this group, and are used for polymers reinforcement, lubrication, electronic devices and more. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for medical and biological applications. One potential application is photothermal therapy (PTT), a method for targeted treatment of cancer, in which a light-responsive material is irradiated with a laser in the near infrared range. Here we present WS₂ nanotubes functionalized with previously reported ceric ammonium nitrate-maghemite (CAN-mag) nanoparticles, used for PTT. Functionalization of the nanotubes with CAN-mag nanoparticles resulted in a magnetic nanocomposite. In addition, when tested in vitro with two types of cancer cells, the functionalized nanotubes showed a better PTT activity compared to non-functionalized nanotubes, as well as reduced aggregation and the ability to add a second-step functionality. This ability is demonstrated here with two polymers grafted onto the nanocomposite surface, but other functionalities can be additional cancer therapy agents for achieving an increased therapeutic activity.