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Chromium thiophosphate CrPS4 – Synthesis, investigation, exfoliation and all-printed detector

Adam K. Budniak 1 Niall A. Killilea 2 Amir Abbas Yousefi Amin 2 Szymon J. Zelewski 3 Jan Kopaczek 3 Esty Ritov 1 Yaron Amouyal 4 Wolfgang Heiss 2 Robert Kudrawiec 3 Efrat Lifshitz 1
1Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
2Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
3Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Ever since the exfoliation of graphite into an atomically thin monolayer, known today as graphene, two dimensional (2D) materials have been of central interest for a variety of electronic applications. 2D materials belong to a large family of anisotropically active compounds which have strong, covalent bonds within a layer while in between layers there are only weak van der Waals interactions that can be overcome, obtaining molecularly thin sheets.

As graphene applications in electronics has thus far been hindered by its non-existent band gap, layered semiconductors are studied as potential candidates for future devices. One family of such are transition metal thiophosphates, denoted MPSx, for x=3 or 4; for example bulk crystals of CrPS4 - chromium thiophosphate – which has been examined in the past for applications in lithium batteries. Nowadays, this compound has once again gained scientific interest due to its optical anisotropic properties and the possibility to obtain and study its few- and monolayer systems.

In this work, bulk crystals of CrPS4 were obtained by vapor transport synthesis (furnace method), followed by structure and composition confirmation via different techniques, for example Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Optical properties, such as band gap and optical transitions were investigated by Solid State UV-VIS Spectroscopy, PhotoAcoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) and Modulated Spectroscopy (MS). Later, bulk crystals of chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4) were exfoliated in liquid to obtain few layers systems and photoconductivity measurements were used to ascertain photoactive properties, both of re-stacked films and bulk crystals. Finally, ink from CrPS4 was used to create all-printed detector, that was active in red part of visible light.









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