The Constructed Wetlands Make the Connection of the Urban Areas and the Natural Landscape, Preserving the Riparian Zones

Water, such a small word but very meaningful. Indispensable to say that without it nothing would survive. It is necessary for the economic growth and always present at the main civilizations´ development. In the 21st century, the challenge of contemporary cities is to balance between population growth and the preservation of the environment.The modern cities are being designed in a new concept: sustainability. The objective is to preserve riparian zones intending to maintain the ecological balance, preserve the environment and integrate the urban landscape. In such cases the constructed wetlands have been applied successfully to help the recovery of degraded areas and conservation of riparian zones of rivers and lakes, preserving the renewal cycle and the biodiversity also having a vital function to the maintenance of health and make the purification of phosphorus and nitrogen present at the effluent discarded, sometimes, without treatment. The wetlands constructed are key for the reuse of the generated sludge. This purification imitates the ecological cycle made by the vegetation, the macrophytes. This process is sustainable as it recovers the flora and fauna at the area where it is built. This process is economic advantage and, also, for being an efficient stage of polishing in the sewage treatment process, because they build a natural barrier against the contaminants present in it. The solid waste generated during the process is formed by the decomposition of organic matter derived from animals and vegetation, thus responsible for soil fertility, and the lack of it would lead to desertification. This is the starting point to solve part of the water problems in the world are caused by the extinction of humus due to anthropic processes. The biomass needs to be renewed in its formation cycle. The population cannot anthropize regions without proper planning and being conscious that nothing will survive if there is no vegetation to protect such areas. The preservation of vegetation protects the soil and, consequently, water. It is of no use solving the consequences if there is no action towards the cause. This means that it is critical to understand that the daily disposal must be made in appropriate facilities, and if it is done otherwise it may generate significant environmental liability, pollution of water bodies, thus causing diseases through contamination of the population and, consequently, the vanishing of flora and fauna, breaking the life cycle described herein.