The Rule of Protein’s Distribution in Genome Scale

The processes of generating information (precision), energy and mass (proteins) in living cells are inherently integrated and evolutionarily optimized through complex and robust cellular networks. While significant progress has been made to identify design principles of cellular networks, few works have presented a systematic comparative mathematical analysis that integrate information and resources at large-scale level. Here, we developed fundamental relationship, which dictate the Protein’s oligomerization at the genome scale, to reveal a design tradeoff between any given level of precision and energy cost of protein synthesis. The result indicates existence of limitation factor which has a property of information capacity (e.g. Nyquist theorem), and is common rule underling the protein’s homo-oligomers distribution of various (5 species) organisms. We show that, despite the variation of the five different species in their biochemical pathways, metabolic networks and biological structure, these living systems have the same information scaling rules and show astounding similarities to physical systems. These findings illustrate principles of cell architecture design and provide a quantitative tool to scale synthetic biological systems.