Comparing Methods of Water Use by Irrigation in the Horticultural Hydro System of the Niayes, Senegal

The water valorization methods’ knowledge by the irrigation and their effects in the cultivated hydro-system of the Niayes in Senegal are a stake in the current context of the climate changes. The study was about three types of water valorization by irrigation in the Niayes hydro-system of Senegal: localized, sprinkling and manual irrigation.
Comparative analysis of the different irrigation methods practiced in the study area shows that the drip (localized) irrigation is more water saver and offers more production, sprinkler irrigation as second and the traditional irrigation as third. To cover the vegetables crop cycle, the comparison between the localized irrigation and the sprinkler shows a difference of 24.5 millimeters, 6.23 millimeters between the sprinkler irrigation and the manual irrigation, 30.8 mm between the drip irrigation and the manual irrigation. The study of irrigation efficiency gave three grouped classes around 94.86% for the irrigation mode. The variance’s analysis showed a highly significant effect at the 14.39% level.
Comparison of averages showed that the drip irrigation gave the best yield with an average of 28.72 tons per hectare. Sprinkler irrigation yielded 24.44 tons per hectare and traditional irrigation with an average of 20.83 tons per hectare. However, the drop irrigation is not suitable around the study area because of the iron concentration, which is very high in some places. We recommend promoting drip irrigation in areas where the iron concentration is less than 2.5 mg / liter to reduce punctures on the Niayes aquifer.