Diagnostic Radiation Exposure in NICU: Are Extreme Prematures Safe?

Background: This study was to audit ionizing radiation exposure in very low birth weight(VLBW) neonates admitted to NICU.

Method: This was a prospective observational study at our Level 3 NICU. Number of x-rays, their indications and calculated dose of radiation were documented. Radiation exposure was compared between different weight categories.

Result: Consecutively admitted 107 VLBW neonates were studied. Their mean birthweight (+SD) was 1077(±219.8) gms and Gestation age(+SD) was 29.7(+2.57)weeks. ELBW neonates underwent significantly higher number of radiographs when compared with VLBW neonates (9.95+7.9 vs 4.35+5.3; p<0.0001). Out of 42 ELBW Neonates, 3(7%) received >1msv radiation. ELBW neonates received 3 times higher dose of radiation exposure, when compared with VLBW neonates (313+601.5µsv Vs 104.5+201.2µsv; p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Diagnostic radiation exposure is significantly higher in ELBW neonates. Lifetime risk associated with radiation exposure in this population is unknown. Therefore every effort should be made during their NICU stay to reduce number and doses of radiation exposure.