Association of Preterm Birth and Intrauterine Growth Restriction with Childhood Motor Development: A Population-Based Cohort Study - EAP 2019 Congress and MasterCourse Porto Palacio Hotel

author.DisplayName ¹ author.DisplayName ² author.DisplayName ¹ author.DisplayName ³ author.DisplayName ¹

¹Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, Brazil
²Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, Brazil
³Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Brazil

Background: Although some studies have indicated an association of preterm birth (PT) and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with delayed motor development (MD), few studies investigated this association in a population-based cohort.

Aims: To analyze the association of PT birth, RCIU and the interaction of these conditions with DM in a population-based birth cohort.

Method: We studied 2345 children belonging to a birth cohort in Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo, Brazil, initiated in 2010 (n= 7699) and followed up starting from the second year of life (13 to 36-month old) in 2011/2013. During follow-up, all cases of preterm birth and their respective term controls randomly selected were invited to participate (approximated ratio of 1 case to 4 controls). According to the birth conditions, the children were assigned to four groups: T-NRCIU (term and no restriction); T-RCIU (term + intrauterine growth restriction); PT-NRCIU (preterm + no restriction) and PT-RCIU (preterm + intrauterine growth restriction). For the evaluation of the fine and gross motor development, the Bayley Scales III-screening was used and children were classified in competent and emergent/risk. Relative risk was calculated by means of Poisson regression models to verify the association between groups and motor delays. The models were adjusted for the confounding variables identified by the directed acyclic graphic. Weights and stratifications were considered in the analyses

Results: The PT-NRCIU and PT-RCIU groups showed higher risks of motor delay on fine motor skills (RR = 1.54, IC95% 1,12; 2,12 and RR = 2.35, IC95% 1.47; 3.77 respectively) and gross motor skills (RR = 1.84, IC95% 1,37; 2,47 and RR = 2,44, IC95% 1,52; 3,91 respectively) when compared to T-NRCIU children.

Conclusion: Being PT or having both conditions, PT and RCIU had a negative influence on the MD of children belonging to this population-based birth cohort.