Undernutrition in Two Different Communities of School-Children in North of Mozambique

In Africa, the number of stunted children has steadily increased, reaching 58.7 million in 2017, Mozambique showing one of the highest prevalence’s. Within the same country there may be nutritional differences depending on the proximity to the cities.

Characterize children from two communities of Mozambique, regarding sociodemographic indicators as well risk factors for malnutrition.

Longitudinal and interventional study in school-children from two communities in northern Mozambique [Ilocone (rural community) and Namicopo (city community)]. Children from 6 months to 12 years were invited to participate during their school-time. Demographic and anthropometric data (weight, brachial perimeter, length) were evaluated. WHO criteria were used to characterize nutritional status. Nutritional education and referral to primary care were provided.

77 children were evaluated: 35 from Namicopo, mean age of 68 months (8-131 months), 65,7% females; 42 from Ilocone, mean age of 40 months (6-96 months), 59,5% females. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the communities: in Ilocone the children were younger; births occurred more frequently at home; higher consumption of animal protein, beans and fruit; less consumption of grains; father with higher unemployment and age and poorest households. Prevalence of undernutrition was: 74.3% in Namicopo [with greater prevalence of mild wasting (54,3%)] and 52.4% in Ilocone [mainly stunting (31%)]. Wasting was significantly (p<0,05) associated with less consumption of beans and fruit, prolonged duration of breastfeeding and single-parent families whereas stunting to poorest households, father`s unemployment, progenitor´s lower level of education and breast milk for shorter periods.

Undernutrition was diagnosed in more than half of this young population, the rural and the urban community showing a higher prevalence of chronic and acute undernutrition respectively. In our sample, poorest households were more significantly associated with stunting and poor feeding with wasting. Implications on present and future health of this population are of concern.