Presently mass casualty is on the increase and is causing 100,000 deaths yearly worldwide.
In 1915, the White House launched the national “Stop the Bleed Campaign “and a group of Surgeons met in Chicago in June 2016 to discuss “Disaster Preparedness“.
A coming-at-any-time devastating Pandemic, a Chernobyl-like nuclear accident or even a nuclear missile are potential future threats.
CH is the game-changer in mass casualty preparedness and can be effected by the Extracorporeal H₂ O₂ Oxygenation – ECHO : APSC 2017, or the Artificial Blood – TTS 2018, ICI 2018.
Working at hypothermia ≈ 10 °C (metabolism ≈ 1/15) confers the following advantages:
(1) Low blood flow of 2 liters/minute at 40 mm Hg with anti-edematous effect and anabolic status.
(2) The needful bold anticoagulation is affected with non-consequential inevitable intra-cranial or intra-spinal bleeding as neurons die at 50 mm Hg.
At the site of the mass casualty, the deceased (within ≈ 5-15 minutes – nobody can be sure of the exact time of the cardiac arrest!) or the “expectant” is immersed in circulating water at 4 °C:
This is Tech 4 which buys time of 45 minutes, enough for the institution of CH.
Within 4-15 hours, the Patient is transferred directly to a High-Tech Hospital for continuation of CH for 40-100 days during which time all needful surgical procedures are affected and all injuries including brain and spinal cord injuries healed.
Thereafter the Patient is warmed-up to normal life for the majority of cases.
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