Regional Soil Environment Pollution Monitoring by the Hyperspectral Small Satellite YD-1

The soil environment is very important for crop growth. At present, soil environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Soil heavy metal pollution will affect the normal function of the soil, causing food chain pollution, and threatening people`s health and the environment. Traditional imaging remote sensing technology is not ideal on quantitative analysis accuracy due to the limitation of spectral and spatial resolution of the sensor, atmospheric and soil background. This paper, based on the high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution image obtained by the new hyperspectral small satellite YD-1, presents to monitor the regional soil environment pollution, to map the distribution of heavy metals in soil, and provide the data for soil remediation and soil environment pollution prediction. In order to load the hyperspectral remote sensing camera on the small satellite YD-1 which is planning to launch soon, the following key technical problems were studied in the paper. According to the great advantages of hyperspectral remote sensing in estimating some heavy metal elements in soil, and the different reflection spectrum characteristics in different soil with heavy metal elements, the signal-to-noise ratio of hyperspectral cameras is significant to measure the quality and effect of imaging. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera, large-diameter optical systems are usually used in the past and improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera to some extent. But the spatial resolution of the camera is not usually high enough, and it is not suitable for small satellites because of the camera weight. Using spectral gradient-based coating technology to achieve spectral splitting, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of hyperspectral cameras, YD-1 is a high spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and light, small hyperspectral camera.