Urinary Tract Infections in Children and Their Early Detection and Treatment

Introduction: Urinary infections are common problem in pediatric practice.They are more common in female children,except at the young infants with dominant males.The most common causes of infections are VUR(veziko urethral reflux)congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and concretions. They are commonly caused by gram negative bacteria. In urinary infections nonspecific symptoms occur such as: vomiting, fever and anxiety. After the third year of life as more frequent are the abdominal pain, frequent and painful micturition and difficulties when urinating. Every vague febrile condition should be considered as a possible urinary infection.

Goal: With timely diagnosis and treatment of urinary infections impairment of the renal (kidney) function is prevented.

Materials and methods: Data from 590 children aged 0 to 18 years suspected of urinary infection or febrile for a period of 3 years (2017-2019) had been processed. Analytical and descriptive method had been used for processing.

Results: Out of 290 children with taken urine - culture, 105 showed positive results (36,20%). Escherichia coli had been isolated with 86 children (81,90%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa with (6,4%), Proteus species (6,2%),Klebsiella had been isolated with (2.6%) and other agens with (2,9%). From the lab findings the most common had been leukocytosis. One child had been diagnosed agenesis of the right kidney, 7 children had been diagnosed VUR, and 1 child ectopic kidney.During the treatment the following drugs had been used: Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid, Trimetoprim + sulfonamide, Cefuroxim or Cefixime depending on the antibiogram. It resulted in the negative urine-culture in more than 96% of children, while children with congenital malformations are under regular scrutiny by the pediatrician - nephrologists.

Conclusion: Routine investigation of urine during every obscure febrile condition. Urine- culture method is necessary to determine the specific therapy. Timely diagnosis and treatment leads to successful prevention of renal (kidney) damage.