Prevalence of Community Acquired Pneumonia C And D among Patients Aged 6 Months to 5 Years who had Previously Received Hib Vaccinations: A 1 Year Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT

Background: Among children under five years old, pneumonia is still one of the leading cause of mortality globally and Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) is one of the most common causative agent for bacterial pneumonia. Locally, the Expanded Programme for Immunization included Hib vaccination given for free in health centers. Data on clinical outcome of pneumonia after widespread use of Hibvaccination is important to document its protective effect against pneumonia and in improving its management.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of PCAP C and D among patients aged 6 months to 5 years admitted from June 2016 to June 2017, who had received Hib vaccinations.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study done in a tertiary government hospital.

Results: Among the children admitted for PCAP C and D from June 2016 to June 2017, 22% received at least one dose of Hib vaccination with majority (56.3%) aged 6 months – 12 months, mostly male. As to the Hib immunization status, 10.4%, 19.4% and 70.1% received 1, 2, and 3 doses of Hib vaccination respectively and none received a booster dose.The mean length of hospital stay for the patients vary.Complications were notably decreased in those who received Hib vaccine.

Conclusion: The prevalence of PCAP C and D among patients was comparable to other studies, with Hib vaccine providing a protective effect for PCAP C and D as the number of given dose increases. The mortality and complications in these group of populations were observed to be low.