Epidemiological Features of Kawasaki Disease in Pediatric Population in The State of Qatar

Background and aim: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis with an acute and self-limited course. The incidence of KD is differs widely among ethnic groups and countries which may reflect both a genuine increase in disease burden and increased disease recognition . Limited patient series have been reported from countries in the Middle East our aim of this study is to describe the demographic ,clinical presentation, echocardiographic data , treatment options and complication of children’s diagnosed with Kawasaki diseases over two years duration from( 2013-2015) in state of Qatar

Methods and material: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted at main tertiary hospital in Qatar , Children hospitalized in our pediatric department with KD from January 2013- December 2015 were included. it include details of demographic, clinical presentation of Kawasaki disease, echocardiogram finding and treatment option offered for the patients

Result: There were 133 KD cases, with typical KD in 111 (84%) and Atypical in 21(16%).Male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and median age was 30 months. presenting symptoms frequency were as follow :Fever were in 100% of the patients from which 32% were diagnosed on day 5 of fever and 65% on day 7 and by 2 weeks 94% were diagnosed .Conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy were reported as common as 66% of the total patient followed by skin rash in 63% and Strawberry tongue 59% .Irritability was common also in 57 % of the patients. Desquamation was the least frequent symptoms in 33% of the total patients. Echocardiographic (ECHO ) done for 51% of the patients in the first week of the illness and 96% by the end on 2nd week , reported normal in 75% and abnormal in 25% . Nearly 98% of patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin.

Conclusions: The epidemiology and cardiovascular outcomes in our study are similar to other predominantly international European-Caucasian populations. Management decisions in our center is following the standard evidence based medicine treatment . our study showed a good numbers of cases diagnosed with Atypical KD , further description looking into possible risk factor and cardiac outcome is required