Mouse model and human studies of the role of microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Recent research has determined that the gut microbiome can modulate mammalian behavior. While the exact mechanism through which the gut microbiome may modulate behavior is still under investigation, this line of research has important implications both for understanding the proper development of mammalian behavior and treatment of psychiatric conditions. In addition, gastrointestinal issues are a common comorbidity in individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In both mouse and human studies, we aim to uncover the potential associations between specific bacterial species, social behavior, and ASD, and to look at mechanisms involved in these associations. In a mouse study, we have found that treatment of an autism mouse model with Lactobacillus Reuteri can attenuate social deficits and affect the expression of oxytocin and GABA receptors in the brain in a sex-specific manner. In a human study, we have found dysregulation of the microbiome in people with a specific genetic predisposition to ASD and social deficit disorders (Chromosome 16p11.2 deletion). Current studies are also looking into dysbiosis in individuals diagnosed with ASD in Israel. In addition, we have performed mouse model studies to understand how treatment with specific bacterial species in newborns may affect the development of social behavior, and other relevant behaviors. Preliminary data shows an unexpected influence of a proposed probiotic strain on development of repetitive and social behaviors specifically in males. Together, these research projects give insights into pathways through which the microbiome may affect the development of social behaviors in general, and may be involved in ASD.