Introduction:
Patients suffering from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are at risk for mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after the acute event.
Patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD) are at high risk for mortality and MACE. Our aim was to assess the impact of MVD on outcomes in patients with STEMI.
Methods:
In this study, based on a prospective registry of all-comers with STEMI, we examined outcomes of 2994 consecutive patients who had presented with STEMI and underwent Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at our medical center, between 2006-2018. Patients were stratified into 3 groups by the extent of their coronary disease as represented by the number of vessels involved – one, two or three vessels. The primary outcomes were mortality and MACE - myocardial infarction, cardiac death, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 1 and 3 years.
Results:
Of 2994 patients with STEMI, 1210 had 1 vessel disease, 1007 had 2 vessel disease and 777 had 3 vessel disease. Mean age was 58.2±12.49, 62.33±12.31, 64.8±12.28 respectively (p<0.001). 80%, 81.7% and 81.3% male (p=0.55). Diabetes mellitus in 22.8%, 25.8% and 35.6% respectively (p<0.001).
Mortality rate at 1 year was 4.9% in single vessel group, 9.6% in two vessel group and 14.5% in three vessel group (p<0.001). Mortality at 3 years was 8%, 14.4% and 20.4%, respectively. MACE at 1 years was 14.2%, 19.1% and 30.9% (p<0.001) and MACE at 3 years was 21.4%, 29.6% and 42.6% respectively (p<0.001). After correcting for confounding factors, the number of vessels involved were associated with significant increased risk for 1-year MACE (OR 1.625, p=0.024) and 3 years MACE (OR 1.470 p=0.012).
Conclusion:
In patients suffering from STEMI, multi-vessel disease is associated with worse outcomes. Further research geared towards mitigating this risk is warranted
.