Workplace-based Learning and ePortfolio Use in Post-graduate Medical Education in Flanders (Belgium): What are the Perceived Needs?

Background: Workplace-based learning (WBL) has gained importance as more focus has been put on acquiring predefined competencies for residents in post-graduate medical education (PGME). Self-directed learning (SDL) is key to fully benefit from learning experiences. Research has shown that the development of SDL skills can be facilitated with an ePortfolio. However, current conditions for workplace learning and ePortfolios are not always adapted to the learner-centred approach of SDL.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore perceptions of both supervisors and residents about current WBL conditions and ePortfolio use in hospital-based PGME in Flanders, with the objective to develop a state-of-the-art ePortfolio supporting SDL.

Methods: Semi-structured focus group interviews with supervisors (n = 11) and residents (n = 33), from both surgical and medical PGME were conducted using an online format. A PDF file from each focus group was exported via FocusGroupIT. Data were analysed in NVivo 12 using an inductive approach to thematic analysis.

Results: The current ePortfolio was considered more of an administrative burden than a support for WBL. Predefined competencies were not always known nor met. The use and relevance of evaluation tools in the ePortfolio were perceived differently by supervisors and residents. Receiving and giving feed-back were evaluated as non-optimal, whereby supervisors and residents tended to blame each other for this. Residents indicated a need for more supervision and teaching. They frequently perceived an imbalance between autonomy and a safe learning environment. Time constraints were paramount. Residents frequently mentioned they missed learning opportunities because of the lack of structured time and attention for education in a busy hospital environment.

Conclusion: There are many opportunities to improve current WBL conditions. The current ePortfolio is not used to its full potential to support the SDL learning process.