The Cult of Borokhov in Early Soviet Russia

In early Soviet Russia, concerned with revolutionary institutions ideologically important for Marxist Zionism (relief work, self-defense, specifically atheist secular education, and the revolutionary movement in Mandate Palestine), the Poale Zion movement lasted until the onset of the Stalin era in 1928. No other political movement lasted as long (openly, that is) in Moscow, the center of the first one-party state in history. This longevity provided for an opportunity to elaborate on the Cult of Borokhov and Borokhovism in light of the Cult of Lenin and Leninism that was simultaneously emerging and overwhelming the public discourse. Though Ber Borokhov, the father of the Marxist Zionist theory, did not live up to the charisma and leadership his admirers expected of (or imagined about) the theoretician of the Marxist Zionist theory, after his premature death in 1917 at age of 37, he was turned into the charismatic revolutionary leader, teacher, and man of action par excellence. In fact, as revealer of the materialist law of Jewish existence, Borokhov was thought to follow in the footsteps of Moses, Judah Ha-Nasi, Judah HaLevi, and others who encapsulated the Jewish legal tradition. In my paper, I show how Borokhov’s death, the internal conflict and fragmentation over the prospect of the revolution in Palestine, and the rise of the Cult of Lenin in Russia, shaped and epitomized the forgotten Cult of Borokhov of the 1920s.









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