Diversity and Methodology in Religious Studies

My paper explores the interconnection between diversity and methodology in Religious Studies. I will focus on a methodological problem that is common in comparisons between religions: When one religion is studied in contrast to another, its inner denominational differentiation becomes secondary. The grounds for determining which denomination is most representative of a certain religion are usually not made transparent. In academic as in popular views of religion, the more “conservative”, “orthodox” and less “progressive” version of a religious tradition is typically viewed as more “authentic” and thus considered representative. The denominations that are depicted as representative are typically non-egalitarian, either limiting access for women to gain religious expertise or excluding them from religious leadership. In my paper I analyze this tendency to attribute more authoritative status to the less egalitarian denomination of a religion by looking specifically at Religious Studies in Israeli academia. Constructively, I will ask how the inner diversity of each religion could be better represented in introductory courses, such as introductions to world religions. While Israeli faculties of religious studies – observant as well as secular - are predominantly of Jewish background, this relative homogeneity is unique in the international discourse of Religious Studies. How does this especial Israeli lack of diversity affect the teaching of Israel’s minority religions, in Israel, and internationally? Constructively, I will ask how the Israeli situation of teaching religion in a Jewish majority context can potentially contribute to international discourse on the study of religions.









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