‘Golden’ exosomes: A new platform for cancer theranostics

Delivery of therapeutics to tumors is a major challenge, due to the sequence of formidable biological barriers in the body and tumor. Exosomes are promising vectors for anti-tumor therapy, due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and innate ability to interact with target cells. However, promoting clinical application of exosome-based therapeutics requires elucidation of key issues including exosome biodistribution, tumor targeting, and the ability to overcome tumor barriers that limit the penetration of various nano-carriers and drugs into the tumor. Here, we examined these parameters in exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their potential use for targeted drug delivery in cancer. Design principles for exosome loading and in-vitro and in-vivo results will be presented and the potential of golden exosomes as a theranostic platform via real-time computed tomography (CT) imaging will be explored. This novel technology can promote clinical translation by providing essential and fundamental knowledge on exosomes as therapeutic carriers in cancer and can enhance targeted drug delivery to tumors.