Catching a Thief through his Eye: An Ancient Magic Spell in Yiddish

From the medieval and well into the early modern period, there were various magical
spells and charms which were passed on in order to catch a thief. The procedure of
magically identifying a thief with the combination of a painted eye on the wall, also
known as the “Eye of Abraham,” and “Diebesauge,” has already been identified in the
early medieval period, and in several different languages.
Much research has been devoted to this spell, and we would like to add another
language in which this spell is found. The specific spell for catching a thief in the Yiddish
language was not examined until today and we would like to bring it to light.
The Yiddish spell is found in the Vatican Library in a manuscript of medical
remedies and spells from the 15-16th century (Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica, Vat.ebr.
371). The spell includes instructions on how to identify a thief with the drawing of an eye
on the wall. One has to speak out various magical incantations and summon up the help
of God and demand justice. The final step to identify the thief consists of hammering a
nail into a painted eye on the wall. However, the Yiddish spell does include slight
changes from the other versions of this spell, which we will delve on during our
presentation.
In our paper we seek to locate the origin of the Yiddish spell. We believe that
significant parts of the spell originated in a German spell which we will introduce as well.
We will analyze both the text and the illustration of the Yiddish spell, and demonstrate its
Jewish and Christian sources, ranging from the medieval till the early modern period.