During development the basic wiring of the nervous system is established through progressive events such as axonal growth and guidance, and regressive events such as axonal elimination. Although key wiring cues that control these processes have been identified, how these wiring cues are regulated and what is the mechanistic basis for their functions remained largely unknown. In the talk I will describe our recent findings on the signaling pathways and cellular machineries that control axonal guidance and pruning during development, and their role in the adult nervous system.