Leadless biomechanical innovative technology for cardiac repair

Bioelectronic medicine represents an emerging therapeutic paradigm that utilizes electrical interventions to modulate physiological processes. Despite the efficacy of conventional electroceutical devices, they face significant limitations primarily due to their reliance on leads. These leads, chronically present in the body, are associated with a spectrum of complications including infections, thrombosis, and lead failure. The presence of leads also constrains device positioning, particularly in patients with complex anatomical variations, such as congenital heart disease. Paediatric applications are further complicated by the incompatibility of intravenous leads with the diminutive vasculature of neonates and infants, compounded by the potential for electrode displacement due to rapid growth rate. To address these challenges, our research proposes innovative approaches that combine advanced materials science with tissue engineering to develop leadless cardiac stimulation techniques. The magnetically responsive hydrogel, embedded with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles, offers a non-invasive method for cardiac stimulation. By applying an external magnetic field, we can induce localized mechanical deformation in the hydrogel, which in turn stimulates the cardiac tissue through mechano-electrical feedback This approach eliminates the need for direct electrical leads, potentially reducing the risk of complications associated with traditional pacing devices. We successfully engineered a biocompatible magnetic-responsive hydrogel incorporating magnetic particles, achieving anisotropic alignment and effective mechano-electrical feedback (MEF) induced pacing in cardiac cells. Future work will focus on refining MEF-induced pacing in ex-vivo models and transitioning to in-vivo studies to evaluate the platform’s therapeutic potential in a physiological environment.