Halloysite presents unique natural double-walled nanotubes consisting of layers of aluminum and silicon oxides. The inner diameter of the nanotubes is typically less than 15-20 nm, and their length is in the range of 0.5-1 microns.
We have shown that under the influence of short-term exposure of the low temperature microwave plasma halloysite nanoparticles do not undergo any significant chemical or physical changes, while metal salts (Fe, Ni, Co, Pt, Pd, Re, etc.), intercalated into their interior, yield different nanoparticles of zerovalent metals or their oxides, depending on plasma-generating gas composition. Furthermore, halloysite nanotubes in microwave plasma conditions are capable to firmly fuse with the surfaces of porous ceramic and other materials to form a tenacious layer on their surface, which retains all the properties of the original halloysite.
During the research there was formulated the transport model of monovalent ions through a three-layer system: initial membrane layer MF 4SK, halloysite surface layer with embedded nanoparticles and the diffusion layer solution.
Calculations of diffusion and cross-diffusion forces of different metal cations and their comparison with experimental data allowed us to determine the effective diffusion coefficients of the ions and the distribution coefficients of ion pairs in the modified membrane.
Study of modified membranes sections by optical methods allowed us to estimate the influence of surface topography on the parameters of the current-voltage curve.
We studied in detail voltage characteristics in various experimental conditions, that allowed us to estimate the contribution of interphase boundaries in the overall effects of concentration polarization .
The dependence of the diffusion permeability coefficients of new bilayer nanocomposites in different directions from such parameters of composite membranes as the thickness and the hydrophobicity degree of the surface layer was examined.
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