Invited Paper
Plasmons and Phonons in Graphene, Natural 2d Hyperbolic Materials and Hybrid Systems

In this talk, several examples of the nano-photonic properties of novel 2d material heterostructures are being addressed.

First, we introduce a new type of material system: nano-structured sandwiches of graphene with boron nitride [1,2], a novel natural hyperbolic material. These high-quality structures with remarkable optical properties have resulted in high quality plasmonic systems for infrared light [1]. These plasmon modes hybridize with the remarkable phonon modes of h yperbolic boron nitride.

Second, we discuss strong interactions between graphene and nanoscale light-emitters which electrically controlled [3] and detected [4,5]. Because graphene is gapless with tunable carrier density, it can effectively behave as a semiconductor, a dielectric, or a metal. Signatures of near-infrared plasmons have been observed.

References:

[1] Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures
Woessner, M. B. Lundeberg, Y. Gao, A. Principi, P. Alonso-González, M. Carrega, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G. Vignale, M. Polini, J. Hone, R. Hillenbrand, F. H. L. Koppens
Nature Materials [online DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4169] (2014)

[2] Plasmon losses due to electron-phonon scattering: the case of graphene encapsulated in hexagonal Boron Nitride
Alessandro Principi, Matteo Carrega, Mark Lundeberg, Achim Woessner, Frank H.L. Koppens, Giovanni Vignale, Marco Polini
Phys. Rev. B 90, 165408 (2014)

[3] Electrical Control of Optical Emitter Relaxation Pathways enabled by Graphene
K.J. Tielrooij, L. Orona, A. Ferrier, M. Badioli, G. Navickaite, S. Coop, S. Nanot, B. Kalinic, T. Cesca, L. Gaudreau, Q. Ma, A. Centeno, A. Pesquera, A. Zurutuza, H. de Riedmatten, P. Goldner, F.J. García de Abajo, P. Jarillo-Herrero, F.H.L. Koppens
Nature Physics [online DOI: 10.1038/nphys3204] (2015)

[4] Ultrafast electronic read-out of diamond NV centers coupled to graphene
Andreas Brenneis, Louis Gaudreau, Max Seifert, Helmut Karl, Martin S. Brandt, Hans Huebl, Jose A. Garrido , Frank H.L. Koppens, Alexander W. Holleitner
Nature Nanotechnoly [online DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.276] (2014)

[5] Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems
F.H. L. Koppens, T. Mueller, Ph. Avouris, A. C. Ferrari, M. S. Vitiello, M. Polini
Nature Nanotechnol. 9, 780-793 (2014)

frank.koppens@icfo.eu